Americas

Peru: flag, map, capital and facts

Everything about Peru: its flag, its map and its facts.

Capital: Lima
Population: 34.6 million
Area: 1,285,216 km²
Currency: Peruvian Sol (S/.)

#48 by population · #19 by area · #46 economy in the world · #158 by population density

Population and society

Population of pe, 1960–2025. From 10.2 million in 1960 to 34.6 million in 2025.

Population density: 27 per km² (rank 158 of 194)
Urban population: 85.6% (2025)
Under 15: 23.6% (2025)
Over 65: 9.5% (2025)
Children per woman: 1.97 (2024)
Internet users: 82% (2024)

Economy and nature

GDP: $334.9B (rank 46 of 194)
Unemployment: 5.1% (2025)
Inflation: 1.5% (2025)
Forests: 52.7% (of its land · 2024)
CO₂ per person: 2 t (a year · 2024)
Lowest point: -34 m (Bayóvar Depression)

Figures: World Bank, latest year with data. Lowest point: reviewed by hand.

Symbols

Anthem: National Anthem of Peru
Official name: República del Perú · Piruw Ripuwlika · Piruw Suyu
Motto: Firme y feliz por la unión (Spanish)

Coat of arms and anthem: Wikimedia Commons.

Practical facts

Official languages: Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara
Calling code: +51
Internet domain: .pe
Driving side: On the right
Time zone: UTC−5
Demonym: Peruvian

Geography

Continent: Americas
Neighbouring countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
Highest point: Huascarán (6,768 m)
Largest city: Lima, the capital
Access to the sea: Yes

History and politics

Form of government: Presidential republic
Independence from: Spain (1821)

Economy and life

GDP per person: $9,684 (2025)
Life expectancy: 77.9 years (2024)
Human Development Index: 0.794 (rank 79 of 193)

Provinces in figures

Name	Capital	Area (km²)
Amazonas	Chachapoyas	39,249
Áncash	Huaraz	35,890
Apurímac	Abancay	20,896
Arequipa	—	63,345
Ayacucho	—	43,821
Cajamarca	—	33,304
Callao	—	146
Cusco	—	71,987
Huancavelica	—	22,125
Huánuco	—	37,266
Ica	—	21,328
Junín	Huancayo	44,329
La Libertad	Trujillo	25,500
Lambayeque	Chiclayo	14,231
Lima	—	2,672
Lima Province (Lima Department)	Huacho	34,828
Loreto	Iquitos	368,773
Madre de Dios	Puerto Maldonado	85,301
Moquegua	—	15,734
Pasco	Cerro de Pasco	25,026
Piura	—	35,658
Puno	—	71,999
San Martín	Moyobamba	51,288
Tacna	—	16,076
Tumbes	—	4,669
Ucayali	Pucallpa	102,199

Source: Wikidata.

Flags: Wikimedia Commons. Authors, where the licence asks for it: Apurímac (CC BY-SA 4.0, JuanMRB.pe), Ayacucho (CC BY-SA 3.0, Escudo_de_Ayacucho.svg : HansenBCN der…), Callao (CC BY-SA 4.0, MiguelAngel2015), Cusco (CC BY-SA 4.0, 燃灯), Huancavelica (CC BY-SA 4.0, Alejandro Basombrio), Junín (CC BY-SA 4.0, Alexis Eco), Lima (CC BY 3.0, Huhsunqu), Moquegua (CC BY-SA 4.0, Alexis Eco), Piura (CC BY-SA 4.0, Alexis Eco), Tumbes (CC BY-SA 4.0, Nancystodd), Ucayali (CC BY-SA 4.0, Víctor Hugo Ullauri Runciman).